內(nèi)容提要

本書(shū)立足于中國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)一體化不斷加快的時(shí)代背景，根據(jù)“兩型社會(huì)”建設(shè)的總體目標(biāo)，把轉(zhuǎn)變農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式納入到“兩型社會(huì)”建設(shè)和推進(jìn)工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的大格局中，在深入把握國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的前沿變化和時(shí)代要求的基礎(chǔ)上，突出中國(guó)特色和“兩型”主線，沿著“多重目標(biāo)→實(shí)現(xiàn)途徑→制度創(chuàng)新”的分析路徑，著力于資源環(huán)境約束下轉(zhuǎn)變中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式的多重目標(biāo)、內(nèi)生動(dòng)力、實(shí)現(xiàn)途徑、支撐體系等問(wèn)題研究，以湖南長(zhǎng)株潭“兩型社會(huì)”改革試驗(yàn)區(qū)和“農(nóng)村信息化示范省”的實(shí)踐為實(shí)證，以實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家糧食安全、資源節(jié)約、農(nóng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境治理與保護(hù)、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全、農(nóng)民增收與農(nóng)業(yè)增效、國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展為目標(biāo)，以農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的資源要素利用方式、生產(chǎn)體系、社會(huì)化服務(wù)、農(nóng)業(yè)制度的加快轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檠芯亢诵模�探索以農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新為動(dòng)力加快資源要素利用方式轉(zhuǎn)變、以“兩型”農(nóng)業(yè)為導(dǎo)向的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)體系轉(zhuǎn)變、以農(nóng)村信息化為突破的農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)化服務(wù)體系轉(zhuǎn)變、以農(nóng)業(yè)制度創(chuàng)新為引擎的政府農(nóng)業(yè)職能轉(zhuǎn)變的中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變的有效途徑，構(gòu)建起以“兩型”農(nóng)業(yè)為戰(zhàn)略取向、以科技創(chuàng)新為第一推動(dòng)力、以農(nóng)村信息化為突破口、以農(nóng)業(yè)制度創(chuàng)新為保障的“兩型社會(huì)”建設(shè)中轉(zhuǎn)變農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式的理論框架，尋求 “兩型社會(huì)”建設(shè)導(dǎo)向下適合中國(guó)的特殊國(guó)情而又不同于歷史上西方工業(yè)化農(nóng)業(yè)的新型農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化道路，從而超越西方工業(yè)化農(nóng)業(yè)的歷史發(fā)展規(guī)范，直接進(jìn)入現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的新階段——“兩型”農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展階段。

目 錄

陳錫文 序一

蔡昉 序二

第一章 緒 論... 8

第一節(jié) 問(wèn)題的提出... 8

第二節(jié) 基本問(wèn)題與主要內(nèi)容... 14

第二章 農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式：國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)理論探索... 18

第一節(jié) 新古典生產(chǎn)函數(shù)與農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式：傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的理論基礎(chǔ)及其后果 19

第二節(jié) 農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變：基于古典與新古典經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的考察... 23

第三節(jié) 農(nóng)地制度與農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變：基于新制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的視角... 29

第四節(jié) “兩型社會(huì)”與農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變：基于發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的考察... 35

第五節(jié) 現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展新階段：國(guó)內(nèi)“兩型”農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐與世界農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展前沿... 44

第六節(jié) “兩型社會(huì)”建設(shè)中轉(zhuǎn)變農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式：當(dāng)前局限與未來(lái)取向... 50

第三章 資源環(huán)境約束下多重目標(biāo)的中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)型... 52

第一節(jié) 資源環(huán)境約束下中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀... 52

第二節(jié) “兩型社會(huì)”建設(shè)與農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)型... 60

第三節(jié) 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)型的戰(zhàn)略方向：“兩型”農(nóng)業(yè)... 65

第四節(jié) “兩型社會(huì)”建設(shè)中農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)型的多重目標(biāo)... 77

第四章 以農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新為核心的資源要素利用方式轉(zhuǎn)變... 86

第一節(jié) 科技創(chuàng)新與農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變... 86

第二節(jié) 勞動(dòng)節(jié)約型技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、人力資源開(kāi)發(fā)與提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率... 92

第三節(jié) 資源節(jié)約型技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與提高資源利用率、土地產(chǎn)出率... 108

第四節(jié) 農(nóng)村環(huán)境保護(hù)型技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與生產(chǎn)要素節(jié)約、農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展... 113

第五章 以“兩型”農(nóng)業(yè)為導(dǎo)向的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)體系轉(zhuǎn)變... 124

第一節(jié) 構(gòu)建以“兩型”農(nóng)業(yè)為導(dǎo)向的農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)體系... 124

第二節(jié) 構(gòu)建以農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量保障為核心的農(nóng)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化生產(chǎn)體系... 129

第三節(jié) 構(gòu)建以生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)為核心的農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染防治體系... 140

第四節(jié) 構(gòu)建以農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)為核心的防災(zāi)減災(zāi)體系... 153

第五節(jié) 構(gòu)建以種質(zhì)資源保護(hù)為核心的生物物種資源保護(hù)體系... 165

第六節(jié) “兩型”農(nóng)業(yè)綜合評(píng)價(jià)體系的建構(gòu)及湖南評(píng)析... 174

第七節(jié) 全國(guó)“兩型社會(huì)”實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)“兩型”農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展長(zhǎng)株潭實(shí)證研究... 194

第八節(jié) 農(nóng)業(yè)大省農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全的湖南實(shí)證研究... 206

第六章 以農(nóng)村信息化為突破的農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)化服務(wù)體系轉(zhuǎn)變... 217

第一節(jié) 農(nóng)村信息化是向農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)化服務(wù)體系轉(zhuǎn)變的必然選擇... 217

第二節(jié) “兩型社會(huì)”建設(shè)中農(nóng)村信息化服務(wù)模式選擇... 222

第三節(jié) 農(nóng)業(yè)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化應(yīng)用的信息化科技服務(wù)體系... 230

第四節(jié) 農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)“兩型”轉(zhuǎn)型的信息化生產(chǎn)服務(wù)體系... 238

第五節(jié) 農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通高效化的信息化流通服務(wù)體系... 245

第六節(jié) 全國(guó)農(nóng)村信息化示范省的湖南實(shí)證研究... 253

第七章 農(nóng)業(yè)“兩型”轉(zhuǎn)型的制度創(chuàng)新... 266

第一節(jié) 政府管理職能轉(zhuǎn)變與農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)型... 266

第二節(jié) 以新型農(nóng)民培育為方向的農(nóng)村人才開(kāi)發(fā)制度創(chuàng)新... 272

第三節(jié) 耕地資源有效利用與保護(hù)的土地流轉(zhuǎn)制度創(chuàng)新... 277

第四節(jié) 構(gòu)建面向世界農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展前沿的國(guó)家科技創(chuàng)新體系... 287

第五節(jié) 構(gòu)建資源節(jié)約、環(huán)境保護(hù)的農(nóng)業(yè)財(cái)政支持體系... 292

第六節(jié) 創(chuàng)新和完善農(nóng)村金融機(jī)制與服務(wù)體系... 296

第七節(jié) 建立“兩型”農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境治理和保護(hù)制度體系... 301

第八節(jié) 建立政府農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量監(jiān)管和加工度引導(dǎo)的考評(píng)制度... 308

第九節(jié) 加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)“兩型”轉(zhuǎn)型的農(nóng)村社會(huì)管理創(chuàng)新... 312

主要參考文獻(xiàn)... 318

作者簡(jiǎn)介：

陳文勝，湖南省社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究員，武漢大學(xué)博士，華東理工大學(xué)兼職教授，湖南省農(nóng)村發(fā)展研究院院長(zhǎng)，湖南省新農(nóng)村建設(shè)研究基地首席專家，湖南省城鄉(xiāng)一體化研究基地首席專家，湖南省扶貧領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組專家咨詢委員，中國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)創(chuàng)辦人，《中國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)現(xiàn)》執(zhí)行主編，香港中文大學(xué)作訪問(wèn)學(xué)者，入選湖南省“五個(gè)一批”人才。著有《鄉(xiāng)村債務(wù)的危機(jī)管理》、《鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)視角下的三農(nóng)》、《新農(nóng)村建設(shè)的熱點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)著力點(diǎn)》、《糧食安全國(guó)家責(zé)任與地方目標(biāo)的博奕》、《湖南省城鄉(xiāng)一體化發(fā)展研究報(bào)告》、《湖南省縣域發(fā)展研究報(bào)告》等，主編《新型農(nóng)民能力培養(yǎng)》、《中國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)現(xiàn)》、《農(nóng)民十萬(wàn)個(gè)怎么做》等。在《政治學(xué)研究》、《中國(guó)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)》、《中國(guó)農(nóng)村觀察》、《人民日?qǐng)?bào)》、《光明日?qǐng)?bào)》等報(bào)刊發(fā)表論文80余篇，10多篇論文被《中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)文摘》、人大復(fù)印資料全文轉(zhuǎn)載。

Summary

In an era of China’s rising urban-rural integration, the book includechang­i­ngthedevelopmentmodeof agriculturein strategicpattern of "two-orientedsocie­t­y"construction and promotingthe harmoniousdevelopmentamong industrializa­ti­o­n, urbanization and agriculturalmodernization according to the general goal of "two-orientedsociety"construction. The book deeply master the cutting-edge c­h­ange and timesrequirement about the developmentofmodernagriculture home and abroad, highlightChinesecharacteristic and two-oriented thread, follow th­ea­nalysisapproachof “Manytargets→approaches→systeminnovation”, put forth effort on researching questions, for example, Manytargets, internalimpetus, ap­p­roaches and supportsystem of changingthedevelopmentmodeof agriculturewi­t­hinthe constraintsofresourcesandenvironment, and prove it by the practice of theconstructionofChang-Zhu-Tan"two-orientedsociety"reformzone and demo­n­s­tration provinces of rural informationization with an example from Hunan. The book target achievingnationalfood security, conservingresources, harnessin­gan­dprotecting ruralecologicalenvironment, achieving agriculturalproductqualit­ysa­f­ety, increasingthepeasant'sincome and agriculturalbenefits, and promoting s­u­stainable developmentofthenationaleconomy, regard acceleratingthetransfor­m­a­tionofthe utilizationmodeof agricultural resourcefactors, systemsofproducti­o­n, socializationservice and agriculturalsystems as the core of studying, and exp­l­ore effectiveapproachto changethedevelopmentmodeof Chinese agriculture by achieving the transformation of the utilization mode of resourcefactors wi­t­h r­e­garding innovationinagriculturalscience andtechnology asamotivatingforce, a­c­hieving the transformation of agricultural systemsofproduction toward two- ori­e­ntedagriculture, achieving the transformation of agricultural socializationser­v­ice with regarding ruralinformatization asabreakthrough, and achieving the tr­a­nsf­o­rmation of governmentfunction inagriculture with regarding agricultural s­y­ste­minnovation asanengine. The book compose atheoryframeforthe transfor­mat­i­on of thedevelopmentmodeof Chinese agriculture inconstructionoftwo-ori­e­nte­dsociety with regarding two-orientedagriculture as astrategicdirection, reg­a­rdi­n­g two-orientedagriculture as astrategicdirection, regarding scientificinnov­a­tion as thefirstimpetus, regarding ruralinformatization asabreakthrough, and r­egar­d­ing agricultural systeminnovation asasafeguard, and explore a new type of agriculturalmodernization which is suitforthespecificsituationin china and diff­erent from thewest'sindustrialstyleoffarming. The new type of agricultura­lmo­dernization under the guidance of "two-orientedsociety"construction will s­u­rpas­s the normofhistoricaldevelopment of thewest'sindustrialstyleoffarming, and enter intothenewstage of the Modemagriculturaldevelopment, namely, the sta­g­e of two-oriented agriculture.

CONTENTS

Chapter I Contents /8

1. The Problem of Research /8

2. The Basic Problems and the Main Content Points /14

Chapter ⅡAgricultural Development Mode: Relevant Theoretical Research at Home and Abroad /18

1. The Neoclassical Production Functions and Agricultural Development Pattern: Theoretical Basis and Its Consequences of the Development of Traditional Agriculture /19

2. The Transformation of Agricultural Development Pattern: Investigation Based on the Classic Occidental Economics and the Neoclassicism Economics /23

3. The Farmland System and the Transformation of Agricultural Development Pattern Based on the Perspective of New Institutional Economics /29

4. "Two-oriented" Society and the Transformation of Agricultural Development pattern Based on the Review of Development Economics /35

5. The New Stage of the Development of Modern Agriculture: the Domestic Two-oriented Agricultural Practice and the Latest Development of World Agriculture /44

6. The Transformation of Agricultural Development Pattern in the Construction of "Two-oriented society": the Current Limitation and Future Orientation /50

Chapter Ⅲ The Transformation of Chinese Agricultural Development of Multiple Targets in Environmental Constrains /52

1. The Development status of Chinese Agriculture in Environmental Constrains /52

2. The Construction of "Two-oriented" Society and the Transformation of Agricultural Development /60

3. The Strategic Direction of the Transformation of Chinese Agricultural Development: "Two-oriented" Agriculture /65

4. Multiple Targets of the Transformation of Agricultural Development in Construction of "Two-oriented society" /77

Chapter Ⅳ The Transformation of the Utilization Mode of Elements and Resources with the Innovation of Agricultural Science and Technology at the Core /86

1. Innovation of Agricultural Science and Technology and the Transformation of Agricultural Development /86

2. Innovation of Labor-saving Technology and Human Resources Development and Nurturing New Farmers /92

3. Innovation of Resources-saving Technology and Increasing Resource Utilization Ratio and Land Productivity /108

4. Innovation of Technology from Environmental Protection Perspective in Agriculture and Saving Production Factors and Realizing the Agricultural Sustainable Development /113

Chapter Ⅴ The Transformation of "Two-oriented agriculture" -oriented Agricultural Production System /124

1. Construct "Two-oriented agriculture"-oriented Agricultural Production System /124

2. Construct the Agriculture Standardization Production System with Guaranteeing Agricultural Products’ Quality at the Core /129

3. Construct the System of Agricultural Non-point Sources Pollution Prevention and Control with Preserving the Ecological Environment at the Core /140

4. Construct the System of Disaster Prevention and Reduction with Constructing of Irrigation and Water Conservancy at the Core /153

5. Construct the System of Biological Species Resources Protection with Protecting of Biological Germplasm Resources at the Core /165

6. Construct the System of "Two-oriented agriculture" Comprehensive Evaluation and the Analysis of Hunan Province /174

7. The Empirical Study of "Two-oriented agriculture" Development in Chinese " Two-oriented society " Experimentation Area with an Example from Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration /194

8. The Empirical Study of Big AgriculturalProvince’ Agricultural Output Quality and Safety with an Example from Hunan Province /206

Chapter Ⅵ The Transformation of Commercialized Rural Service System With Taking Agricultural Informationization as a Breakthrough /217

1. Agricultural Informationization is the Inevitable Choice of the Transition to Commercialized Rural Service System /217

2. The Choice of Agricultural Informationization Service Mode in Construction of "Two-oriented society" /222

3. The System of Informationization-oriented Technology Service on the Basis of the Transformation of Agricultural Scientific and Technical Result /230

4. The System of Informationization-oriented Production on the Basis of the "Two-oriented " Transformation of Agricultural Production /238

5. The System of Informationization-oriented Circulation Service on the Basis of the Agricultural Products Circulation with High Efficiency /245

6. An Empirical Study of Demonstration Provinces of Chinese Rural Informationization with an Example from Hunan Province /253

Chapter Ⅶ The Institutional Innovation of the "Two-oriented" Transformation of Agriculture /266

1. The Transformation of the Functions of Government and the Transformation of Agricultural Development Pattern /266

2. The Institutional Innovation of the Development of Rural Human Resources Aimed at Cultivating the New Peasant /272

3. The Institutional Innovation of Land Circulation and the Efficient Use and Protection of Cultivated Land Resources /277

4. Construct the System of the National Science and Technology Innovation Facing the Frontier of the Development of the World /287

5. Construct the System of the Financial Support to Agricultural Production Saving Resource and Protecting Environment /292

6. Innovate and Perfect Rural Finance Mechanism and Rural Finance Service System /296

7. Construct the Institutional System of "Two-oriented agriculture"–oriented Ecological Environmental Management and Protection /301

8. Construct the Evaluation System of the Government Supervising Agricultural Product Quality and Guiding Farm Produce Processing /308

9. Accelerate the Innovation of Agricultural Social Management on the Basis of the "Two-oriented " Transformation of Agriculture /312

Reference /318

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